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Isoprenoids in living organisms range in function from pigments and fragrances to vitamins and precurs.... five-carbon isoprenoid

The five-carbon unit that constitutes the basic building-block of isoprenoids is a hydrocarbon called . Isoprenoids contain from two to many thousands of isoprene units. Most of the natural isoprenoids are composed of two, three, four, six, or eight isoprenes. Those containing two to four isoprenes are formed by simple addition of the five-carbon units. The six- and eight-unit molecules are made by linking together two three-unit and four-unit molecules, respectively. The smallest terpene moleculesthose containing 10 carbon atomsare called monoterpenes. The larger molecules, which increase by five-carbon units at a time, are called sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, triterpenes, and tetraterpenes, respectively. Adding water molecules to a pyrophosphate group connected to a monoterpene produces geraniol, a component of geranium oil and an important contributor to rose perfumes. Related molecules are menthol from peppermint oil; citral from lemongrass oil; and limonene from lemon and! orange oils. five-carbon isoprenoid

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