Little is known of the prehistory of the Western Sahara.... spanish morocco
Little is known of the prehistory of the Western Sahara, although rock engravings in Saguia el Hamra and in isolated locations in the south suggest a succession of hunting and pastoral groups, with some agriculturists in favoured locales. In 1957 the Spanish Sahara was claimed by , which itself had just reached independence the previous year. Spanish troops succeeded in repelling Moroccan military incursions into the territory, and in 1958 Spain formally united R de Oro and Saguia el Hamra into a Spanish province known as Spanish Sahara. However, the situation was further complicated by newly independent putting forth claims to the province in 1960, and in 1963 huge phosphate deposits were discovered at Bu Craa in the northern portion of the Spanish Sahara. The insurgency led Spain to declare in 1975 that it would withdraw from the area, and in that same year the World Court ruled that Morocco's and Mauritania's legal claims to the Spanish Sahara were tenuous and basically i! rrelevant to the area's self-determination. From November 1975 the area was administered jointly by Spain, Morocco, and Mauritania; and, when the Spanish departed in February 1976, Morocco and Mauritania divided the area between themselves, Morocco gaining the northern two-thirds of the area and, consequently, the phosphates. Mauritania bowed out of the fighting and reached a peace agreement with the Polisario Front in 1979, but in response Morocco promptly annexed Mauritania's portion of Western Sahara. A United Nations peace proposal in 1988 specified a referendum for the indigenous Saharawi to decide whether they wanted an independent Western Sahara under the Polisario Front's leadership or whether the region would officially become part of Morocco. Preparations to hold the referendum subsequently stalled, however, and the Polisario Front's position grew weaker as Algeria cut back its military and financial support and Morocco moved large numbers of settlers into the Wes! tern Sahara.
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