Saturday, July 24, 2010

About 135 families of beetles are known, of which 120 occur in the Western Hemisphere. There have been a number of differ.... wide species;

(beetles, weevils) Largest insect order; more than 250,000 species; size range from less than 1 mm to more than 12 cm (5 in.); modified front wings, called elytra, usually meet in a straight line down the middle of the back, covering membranous hind wings; hind wings usually longer than front wings, folded under front wings when at rest; mouthparts adapted for chewing; form of antennae variable; large compound eyes; hard outer skeleton; complete metamorphosis; found in almost all types of habitats; many plant feeders; many species of economic importance, either cause damage or benefit man; worldwide distribution. Small and little-known; found under bark; about 20 species widely distributed. Small, dark, shiny; found in decaying organic matter; predatory on small insects; about 2,500 species; wide distribution; examples: Hister, Niponius . (carrion beetles, burying beetles) Relatively large, bright-coloured; usually feed on carrion; some predatory, some plant feeders; example! s: Silpha, Nicrophorus ; about 230 species; widely distributed. Under stones, logs; in ant nests; very small, hairy; widely distributed; about 1,200 species; example: Scydmaenus . Short elytra; size variable; active; strong mandibles; in ant nests, predatory on other insects in decaying matter; about 20,000 species; widely distributed; examples: Stenus, Dinarda . Very small; diverse in form; live in ant nests; about 3,500 species; worldwide distribution but most abundant in tropics; example: Claviger . (stag beetles, pinching bugs) Large; variable in size; males with enormous mandibles (jaws); about 900 species; widely distributed; example: Lucanus . About 150 widely distributed species; example: Trox ; dung or carrion feeders. Large; about 300 species; widely distributed; habits variable; examples: Lethrus, Geotrupes . (scarab beetles, June beetles, tumblebugs, leaf-chafers) Variable in colour, size, habits; most feed on dung, carrion, other decaying matter; about 20,000 s! pecies; widely distributed; examples: Cetonia, Melolontha . Ab! out 25 widely distributed species; in rotten wood; example: Eucinetus . Small, oval; on vegetation in swampy places; aquatic larvae; about 350 species; widely distributed; example: Scirtes . Small, oval; found under debris, in sand, at grass roots; about 270 species; widely distributed; example: Byrrhus . About 500 widely distributed species; example: Heterocerus . Antennae flabellate (fanlike); noselike projection between mandibles; about 180 species; widely distributed; 2 families, Rhipiceridae (cedar beetles), Callirhipidae; example: Sandalus . About 7,000 species; widely distributed; can leap when lying on back; adults, plant feeders; larvae sometimes damage plants; examples: Pyrophorus, Agriotes, Athous Small, oblong; about 200 species; widely distributed. (lightning bugs, fireflies) Produce light in species-characteristic flashing rhythm; wingless females and most larvae called glowworms; about 1,000 species; widely distributed; examples: Lampyris, Photinus . Soft-bod! ied, predatory; about 3,500 species; widely distributed; examples: Cantharis, Rhagonycha . (skin beetles, dermestid beetles) Many economically important species; mostly scavengers on plant and animal products; small to moderate-sized; hairy or with scales; examples: Dermestes, Anthrenus ; widely distributed. Live in dry vegetable materials; some species destructive pests; examples: Xestobium, Stegobium, Lasioderma ; about 1,100 widely distributed species. About 4,000 species widely distributed; diverse; example: Malachius . Larvae develop in certain flower heads ( e.g., goldenrod), about 500 species; widely distributed; example: Olibrus . (ladybird beetles, ladybugs) Many predatory on aphids and coccids, a few serious plant pests ( Epilachna ); mostly beneficial; about 5,000 species, usually bright-coloured, spotted; widely distributed; another genus, Rodolia . Varied group; mostly plant scavengers; examples: Eleodes, Tenebrio ; about 10,000 species; widely distributed. Wid! ely distributed; umerous species; examples: Othnius, Eurystethus . spec! ies but widely distributed; examples: Salpingus, Lissodema . Few species widely distributed in Eurasia and America; example: Pytho . About 200 species widely distributed; associated with rotten wood, fungi; example: Scraptia . (blister beetles, oil beetles) Body fluids contain cantharadin, sometimes used as a drug ( Lytta ); several important plant pests ( Epicauta ); many larvae beneficial, feed on grasshopper eggs; hypermetamorphic; complicated life cycle; about 2,000 species; widely distributed. Adults usually on flowers or foliage; larvae in moist decaying wood; about 600 species; widely distributed, but especially abundant in temperate regions; example: Nacerdes . (long-horned, wood-boring beetles) Some large in size; plant feeders; many brightly coloured; larval stage usually wood-boring, sometimes cause tree damage; about 25,000 species; worldwide distribution; examples: Macrotoma, Titanus, Clytus, Monochamus . Closely related to Cerambycidae; larvae usually plant fe! eders; many serious pest species; overwinter as adults; more than 26,000 species; widely distributed. (seed beetles, pea weevils) Most larvae live in leguminous seeds; examples: Acanthoscelides, Bruchus ; damage stored seeds; about 900 species; widely distributed. About 200 species; Proterrhinus found in Pacific region; one Aglycyderes species in Canary Islands. About 30,000 species, many with scales; many injurious species; worldwide distribution; Anthonomus (cotton boll weevil, apple blossom weevil); Calandra (granary weevil, rice weevil); Sitona species pests of leguminous crops. wide species;

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